Il rumeno per chi parla portoghese
Sai già più rumeno di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.278 hanno un’affine in portoghese: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su portoghese → rumeno e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 56%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 11%
- da imparare da zero
- 44%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in portoghese e in rumeno vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in portoghese nella sua affine in rumeno: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualună
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMouroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpãopâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gkept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavalocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinhovin
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMoutroalt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnoitenoapte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfolhafoaie
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMolhoochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMchavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrelastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlobolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tateCĪVITĀTEMcidadecetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMrazãorațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcaldeiracăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)r (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfiofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlãlână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌoitoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)ț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdizerzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpãopâine
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il rumeno ha fatto di testa sua.