Català per a qui parla portuguès
Ja saps més català del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.626 tenen un cognat en portuguès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en portuguès → català i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 72 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 25 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 28 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en portuguès i en català venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en portuguès en el seu cognat en català: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpedrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualluna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMouroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpãopa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvidavida
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelss (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcéucel
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinhovi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMoutroaltre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoitenit
- L + yodlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfolhafulla
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMolhoull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchaveclau
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManoany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-es-STELLAMestrelaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseteset
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, ndropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlobollop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lobosllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tatCĪVITĀTEMcidadeciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrazãoraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramenteclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlãllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoitovuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpãopa
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el català ha seguit el seu propi camí.