Romanès per a qui parla català
Ja saps més romanès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.312 tenen un cognat en català: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en català → romanès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 58 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 12 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 42 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en català i en romanès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en català en el seu cognat en romanès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMllunalună
- AU becomes ooau (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpapâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)tʃ (c)CAELUMcelcer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavallcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvivin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)l kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMaltrealt
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)ptNOCTEMnitnoapte
- L + yodll [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfullafoaie
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMullochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclaucheie
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManyan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrellastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMsetșapte
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clusters-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlloplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-tateCĪVITĀTEMciutatcetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraórațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcalderacăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMllanalână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌvuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpapâine
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el romanès ha seguit el seu propi camí.