Romanès per a qui parla portuguès
Ja saps més romanès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.278 tenen un cognat en portuguès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en portuguès → romanès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 56 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 11 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 44 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en portuguès i en romanès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en portuguès en el seu cognat en romanès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualună
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMouroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpãopâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gkept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavalocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinhovin
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMoutroalt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnoitenoapte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfolhafoaie
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMolhoochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMchavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrelastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlobolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tateCĪVITĀTEMcidadecetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMrazãorațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcaldeiracăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)r (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfiofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlãlână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌoitoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)ț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdizerzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpãopâine
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el romanès ha seguit el seu propi camí.