Portuguès per a qui parla català
Ja saps més portuguès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.626 tenen un cognat en català: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en català → portuguès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 72 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 25 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 28 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en català i en portuguès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en català en el seu cognat en portuguès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpedrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMllunalua
- AU becomes ooou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)nasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpapão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)b (v) d gVĪTAMvidavida
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcelcéu
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjogo
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvivinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltreoutro
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)it (i + t)NOCTEMnitnoite
- L + yodll [ʎ]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfullafolha
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]lh [ʎ]OCULUMullolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMclauchave
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManyano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-es-STELLAMestrellaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMsetsete
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clusters-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlloplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMciutatcidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraórazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMcavallercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)lost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMllanalã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌvuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdirdizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpapão
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el portuguès ha seguit el seu propi camí.