Portuguès per a qui parla francès
Ja saps més portuguès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.528 tenen un cognat en francès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en francès → portuguès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 67 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 23 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 33 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en francès i en portuguès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en francès en el seu cognat en portuguès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelua
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)ou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpainpão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d gVĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielcéu
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMautreoutro
- CTit (i + t)it (i + t)NOCTEMnuitnoite
- L + yodil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefolha
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]OCULUMœilolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcléchave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMseptsete
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlouplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcitécidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraisonrazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowellost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlainelã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌhuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpainpão
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el portuguès ha seguit el seu propi camí.