Portuguès per a qui parla romanès
Ja saps més portuguès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.278 tenen un cognat en romanès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en romanès → portuguès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 56 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 11 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 44 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en romanès i en portuguès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en romanès en el seu cognat en portuguès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălua
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMaurouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpâinepão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d gVĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcercéu
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltoutro
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenoite
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefolha
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]lh [ʎ]OCULUMochiolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcheiechave
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMșaptesete
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonant-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMluplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcetatecidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)razão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-eiro, -eiraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldeira
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)lost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfirfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)lost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlânălã
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌoptoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]kept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREzicedizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpâinepão
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el portuguès ha seguit el seu propi camí.