Catalão para quem fala francês
Você já sabe mais catalão do que imagina. Das 2.264 palavras do dia a dia no Cognata, 1.618 têm um cognato em francês — a mesma palavra, remodelada por séculos de fala. Comece por elas, aprenda as mudanças regulares que ligam as duas línguas e fique de olho nos falsos amigos.
- têm a mesma origem
- 71%
- herdadas nas duas
- 27%
- para aprender do zero
- 29%
2.264 palavras comparadas
Palavras que você já conhece
Palavras do dia a dia cujas formas em francês e em catalão vêm da mesma origem.
As leis fonéticas entre elas
Mudanças regulares que transformam uma palavra em francês no seu cognato em catalão — aprenda uma e ela rende em centenas de palavras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelluna
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)oAURUMoror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentoral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpainpa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcielcel
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMautrealtre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnuitnit
- L + yodil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefulla
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]OCULUMœilull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcléclau
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseptset
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -edropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMloupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupsllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tatCĪVITĀTEMcitéciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMraisonraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlainellana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌhuitvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpainpa
Falsos amigos para ficar de olho
voler (Catalão) significa “to want” · voler (Francês) significa “to fly; to steal”
Coincidence. Catalan voler is spoken Latin *VOLĒRE (for VELLE 'to want'), the source of French vouloir; French voler is VOLĀRE 'to fly', and 'to steal' came from the falconer's bird flying off with its prey.
Palavras para aprender do zero
Palavras comuns em que o catalão seguiu seu próprio caminho.