Francês para quem fala catalão
Você já sabe mais francês do que imagina. Das 2.264 palavras do dia a dia no Cognata, 1.618 têm um cognato em catalão — a mesma palavra, remodelada por séculos de fala. Comece por elas, aprenda as mudanças regulares que ligam as duas línguas e fique de olho nos falsos amigos.
- têm a mesma origem
- 71%
- herdadas nas duas
- 27%
- para aprender do zero
- 29%
2.264 palavras comparadas
Palavras que você já conhece
Palavras do dia a dia cujas formas em catalão e em francês vêm da mesma origem.
As leis fonéticas entre elas
Mudanças regulares que transformam uma palavra em catalão no seu cognato em francês — aprenda uma e ela rende em centenas de palavras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmarmer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMllunalune
- AU becomes ooo (spelled o or au)AURUMoror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpapain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvidavie
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)s (c, ç)CAELUMcelciel
- French CA becomes chaca keptcha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcavallcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvivin
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerre
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltreautre
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)it (i + t)NOCTEMnitnuit
- L + yodll [ʎ]il, ill [j]FOLIAMfullafeuille
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]il, ill [j]OCULUMullœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMclauclé
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManyan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMestrellaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfestafête
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]simplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsetsept
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMlloploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopsloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-téCĪVITĀTEMciutatcité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMraóraison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcavallerchevalier
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentclairement
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMllanalaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌvuithuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdirdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpapain
Falsos amigos para ficar de olho
voler (Catalão) significa “to want” · voler (Francês) significa “to fly; to steal”
Coincidence. Catalan voler is spoken Latin *VOLĒRE (for VELLE 'to want'), the source of French vouloir; French voler is VOLĀRE 'to fly', and 'to steal' came from the falconer's bird flying off with its prey.
Palavras para aprender do zero
Palavras comuns em que o francês seguiu seu próprio caminho.