Italiano para quien habla francés
Ya sabes más italiano de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1708 tienen un cognado en francés: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
- comparten origen
- 75 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 30 %
- para aprender de cero
- 25 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en francés y en italiano vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en francés en su cognado en italiano: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpierrepietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMneufnuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMluneluna
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)oAURUMororo
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentvowel + n keptPĀNEMpainpane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostmostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvievita
- C before E and Is (c, ç)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielcielo
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjeugioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvino
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- [gw]Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMautrealtro
- CTit (i + t)ttNOCTEMnuitnotte
- L + yodil, ill [j]gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefoglia
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]cchi [kkj]OCULUMœilocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)chi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMcléchiave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUMananno
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMétoilestella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMseptsette
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMlouplupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tàCĪVITĀTEMcitécittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMraisonragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaliere
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementchiaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln keptLĀNAMlainelana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)tt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌhuitotto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpainpane
Falsos amigos a vigilar
fermare (Italiano) significa «to stop» · fermer (Francés) significa «to close, shut»
Both from Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, fix'. Italian holds something still; French makes it fast. Spanish firmar went a third way: 'to sign'.
presto (Italiano) significa «soon, early» · prêt (Francés) significa «ready»
Both from Latin PRAESTŌ 'at hand' (Late Latin adjective PRAESTUS). French kept 'ready'; Italian 'right away' → 'soon'. The two languages crossed with pronto.
magasin (Francés) significa «shop» · magazzino (Italiano) significa «warehouse»
Both from Arabic makhāzin 'storehouses', which entered Romance through Italian; French magasin moved from 'storehouse' to 'shop'. Spanish almacén took the Arabic directly, article and all.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el italiano siguió su propio camino.