Italiano para quien habla portugués
Ya sabes más italiano de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1637 tienen un cognado en portugués: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en portugués → italiano y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 72 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 26 %
- para aprender de cero
- 28 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en portugués y en italiano vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en portugués en su cognado en italiano: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnovonuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualuna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMourooro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n keptPĀNEMpãopane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gmostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavita
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucielo
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjogogioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinhovino
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- [gw]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMoutroaltro
- CTit (i + t)ttNOCTEMnoitenotte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfolhafoglia
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]cchi [kkj]OCULUMolhoocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]chi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMchavechiave
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUManoanno
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMestrelastella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]assimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMsetesette
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMlobolupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tàCĪVITĀTEMcidadecittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMrazãoragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaliere
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentechiaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n keptLĀNAMlãlana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gutt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌoitootto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpãopane
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el italiano siguió su propio camino.