Español para quien habla francés

comparten origen

70 %

heredadas en ambas

24 %

para aprender de cero

30 %

2264 palabras comparadas

Palabras que ya conoces

Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en francés y en español vienen del mismo origen.

• je→yo
• il→él
• si→si
• non→no
• ou→o
• nous→nosotros
• et→y
• bras→brazo
• chat→gato
• vache→vaca
• oreille→oreja
• œuf→huevo
• œil→ojo
• pour→para
• comment→cómo
• clé→llave
• homme→hombre
• vieux→viejo
• mer→mar
• elle→ella
• ciel→cielo
• fils→hijo
• soleil→sol
• qui→quién

Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas

Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en francés en su cognado en español: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.

• Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)→ie (open and closed syllables)PETRAMpierre→piedra
• Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)→ue (open and closed syllables)NOVUMneuf→nuevo
• French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)→a (kept)MAREmer→mar
• French fronts long U to [y]u [y]→u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlune→luna
• AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)→oAURUMor→oro
• French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silent→vowel + n keptPĀNEMpain→pan
• Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- kept→h- (silent); f- kept before ue and rFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fils→hijo
• Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lost→b d gVĪTAMvie→vida
• C before E and Is (c, ç)→θ (c, z); s where there is seseoCAELUMciel→cielo
• French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]→ca keptCABALLUMcheval→caballo
• Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]→j [x] before a back vowel; y-, h- or nothing before eIOCUMjeu→juego
• B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → v→one sound: b, v = [b] (soft [β] between vowels)VĪNUMvin→vino
• Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]→gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerre→guerra
• L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eau→al → o (otro); ult → uch (mucho); often keptALTERUMautre→otro
• CTit (i + t)→ch [tʃ]NOCTEMnuit→noche
• L + yodil, ill [j]→j [x]FOLIAMfeuille→hoja
• C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]→j [x]OCULUMœil→ojo
• CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)→ll- (often)CLĀVEMclé→llave
• NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)→ñ [ɲ]ANNUMan→año
• S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)→es-STELLAMétoile→estrella
• French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)→s keptFESTAMfête→fiesta
• Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → s→simplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or sSEPTEMsept→siete
• Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e→-o, -a, -e kept; -e dropped after a single r, l, n, s, d, zLUPUMloup→lobo
• Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)→-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loups→lobos
• -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té→-dad (-tad in some words after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcité→ciudad
• -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son→-ción (learned); inherited -zónRATIŌNEMraison→razón
• -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière→-ero, -eraCABALLĀRIUMchevalier→caballero
• Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment→-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairement→claramente
• Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl kept→l keptFĪLUMfil→hilo
• Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowel→n keptLĀNAMlaine→lana
• Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)→ch, j, ñ; cu, gu (velar kept or palatalized)OCTŌhuit→ocho
• Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s kept→t, d, s keptDĪCEREdire→decir
• Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)→n kept (pan, vino)PĀNEMpain→pan

Falsos amigos a vigilar

• large (Francés) significa «wide» · largo (Español) significa «long»

  Same Latin LARGUM 'abundant'. French large is 'wide' (and English large 'big' came from it); Spanish largo is 'long'.

• salir (Español) significa «to go out, leave» · salir (Francés) significa «to make dirty»

  Coincidence. Spanish salir is Latin SALĪRE 'to jump'; French salir comes from sale 'dirty', of Frankish origin (*salo 'murky').

• attendre (Francés) significa «to wait (for)» · atender (Español) significa «to attend to, serve»

  Both from Latin ATTENDERE 'to stretch toward, pay attention'. French went from 'paying attention to' to 'waiting for'; Spanish kept the attention.

• rester (Francés) significa «to stay» · restar (Español) significa «to subtract»

  Both from Latin RESTĀRE 'to stay behind, remain'. Spanish restar went from 'what remains' to 'take away' (lo que resta still means 'what is left').

• quitter (Francés) significa «to leave (a place, a person)» · quitar (Español) significa «to remove, take off»

  Both from Medieval Latin QUIĒTĀRE 'to set free (of a debt)', from QUIĒTUS 'at rest'. French frees itself of a place; Spanish frees something from its place.

• entendre (Francés) significa «to hear» · entender (Español) significa «to understand»

  Both from Latin INTENDERE 'to direct (the mind) toward'. French shifted to hearing, keeping 'understand' only in phrases (laisser entendre, bien entendu); Spanish kept understanding.

• ropa (Español) significa «clothes» · robe (Francés) significa «dress»

  Both from Germanic *rauba 'booty, spoils' — clothes being what was stripped from the defeated (Spanish robar 'to steal' is the same root). Spanish generalized it; French narrowed it to one garment.

• demander (Francés) significa «to ask (for)» · demandar (Español) significa «to sue; to demand»

  Both from Latin DĒMANDĀRE 'to entrust'. French softened it to ordinary asking (as did Italian domandare); Spanish kept the legal claim.

• nombre (Español) significa «name» · nombre (Francés) significa «number»

  Two Latin words that converged: Spanish nombre is NŌMEN 'name', from its oblique stem NŌMINE (m'n → mbr), French nombre is NUMERUM 'number' (m'r → mbr).

• user (Francés) significa «to wear out» · usar (Español) significa «to use»

  Both from spoken Latin *ŪSĀRE, built on ŪSUS 'use'. French narrowed it to using something up (user ses chaussures); user de 'to make use of' survives only in formal French.

• envie (Francés) significa «desire, urge (avoir envie de: to want)» · envidia (Español) significa «envy»

  Both from Latin INVIDIAM 'envy'. French envie still can mean envy, but its everyday use is 'wanting'; j'ai envie de café is 'I feel like a coffee', not jealousy.

• crier (Francés) significa «to shout» · criar (Español) significa «to raise, bring up»

  Coincidence. French crier comes from spoken Latin *CRĪTĀRE (classical QUIRĪTĀRE 'to cry out') — the source of Spanish gritar too; Spanish criar is CREĀRE 'to create, beget'.

Palabras para aprender de cero

Palabras comunes en las que el español siguió su propio camino.

• dansen
• mauvaismalo
• litcama
• boîtecaja
• garçonchico
• maispero
• voiturecoche
• papapapá
• jourdía
• chienperro
• loinlejos
• grosgordo