Catalán para quien habla francés
Ya sabes más catalán de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1618 tienen un cognado en francés: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
- comparten origen
- 71 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 27 %
- para aprender de cero
- 29 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en francés y en catalán vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en francés en su cognado en catalán: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelluna
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)oAURUMoror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentoral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpainpa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcielcel
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMautrealtre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnuitnit
- L + yodil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefulla
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]OCULUMœilull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcléclau
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseptset
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -edropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMloupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupsllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tatCĪVITĀTEMcitéciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMraisonraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlainellana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌhuitvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpainpa
Falsos amigos a vigilar
voler (Catalán) significa «to want» · voler (Francés) significa «to fly; to steal»
Coincidence. Catalan voler is spoken Latin *VOLĒRE (for VELLE 'to want'), the source of French vouloir; French voler is VOLĀRE 'to fly', and 'to steal' came from the falconer's bird flying off with its prey.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el catalán siguió su propio camino.