Catalán para quien habla portugués
Ya sabes más catalán de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1626 tienen un cognado en portugués: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en portugués → catalán y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 72 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 25 %
- para aprender de cero
- 28 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en portugués y en catalán vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en portugués en su cognado en catalán: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpedrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualluna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMouroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpãopa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvidavida
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelss (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcéucel
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinhovi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMoutroaltre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoitenit
- L + yodlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfolhafulla
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMolhoull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchaveclau
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManoany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-es-STELLAMestrelaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseteset
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, ndropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlobollop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lobosllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tatCĪVITĀTEMcidadeciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrazãoraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramenteclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlãllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoitovuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpãopa
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el catalán siguió su propio camino.