Catalán para quien habla rumano
Ya sabes más catalán de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1312 tienen un cognado en rumano: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en rumano → catalán y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 58 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 12 %
- para aprender de cero
- 42 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en rumano y en catalán vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en rumano en su cognado en catalán: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălluna
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedoAURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpâinepa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcercel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)merged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMaltaltre
- CTptit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoaptenit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefulla
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMochiull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclau
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMșapteset
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupillops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-tatCĪVITĀTEMcetateciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-er, -eraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldera
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlânăllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoptvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpâinepa
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el catalán siguió su propio camino.