Francés para quien habla italiano
Ya sabes más francés de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1708 tienen un cognado en italiano: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
- comparten origen
- 75 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 30 %
- para aprender de cero
- 25 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en italiano y en francés vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en italiano en su cognado en francés: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpietrapierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnuovoneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunalune
- AU becomes ooo (spelled o or au)AURUMoroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpanepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvitavie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcielociel
- French CA becomes chaca keptcha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcavallocheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinovin
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerre
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltroautre
- CTttit (i + t)NOCTEMnottenuit
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]il, ill [j]FOLIAMfogliafeuille
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]il, ill [j]OCULUMocchioœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchiaveclé
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUMannoan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMstellaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfestafête
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsettesept
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e keptdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMlupoloup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-téCĪVITĀTEMcittàcité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMragioneraison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcavalierechevalier
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclairement
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlanalaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌottohuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpanepain
Falsos amigos a vigilar
fermare (Italiano) significa «to stop» · fermer (Francés) significa «to close, shut»
Both from Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, fix'. Italian holds something still; French makes it fast. Spanish firmar went a third way: 'to sign'.
presto (Italiano) significa «soon, early» · prêt (Francés) significa «ready»
Both from Latin PRAESTŌ 'at hand' (Late Latin adjective PRAESTUS). French kept 'ready'; Italian 'right away' → 'soon'. The two languages crossed with pronto.
magasin (Francés) significa «shop» · magazzino (Italiano) significa «warehouse»
Both from Arabic makhāzin 'storehouses', which entered Romance through Italian; French magasin moved from 'storehouse' to 'shop'. Spanish almacén took the Arabic directly, article and all.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el francés siguió su propio camino.