Francés para quien habla rumano
Ya sabes más francés de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1329 tienen un cognado en rumano: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en rumano → francés y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 59 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 12 %
- para aprender de cero
- 41 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en rumano y en francés vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en rumano en su cognado en francés: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiatrăpierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunălune
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedo (spelled o or au)AURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpâinepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvităvie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcerciel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)cha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcalcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltautre
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenuit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)il, ill [j]FOLIAMfoaiefeuille
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]il, ill [j]OCULUMochiœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclé
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMsteaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)COSTAMcoastăcôte
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMșaptesept
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMluploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-téCĪVITĀTEMcetatecité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-ier, -ièreCALDĀRIAMcăldarechaudière
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlânălaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌopthuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpâinepain
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el francés siguió su propio camino.