Francés para quien habla portugués
Ya sabes más francés de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1528 tienen un cognado en portugués: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en portugués → francés y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 67 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 23 %
- para aprender de cero
- 33 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en portugués y en francés vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en portugués en su cognado en francés: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnovoneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmarmer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlualune
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)o (spelled o or au)AURUMouroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpãopain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gv; t, c lostVĪTAMvidavie
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelss (c, ç)CAELUMcéuciel
- French CA becomes chaca keptcha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcavalocheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjogojeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinhovin
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerre
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMoutroautre
- CTit (i + t)it (i + t)NOCTEMnoitenuit
- L + yodlh [ʎ]il, ill [j]FOLIAMfolhafeuille
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]il, ill [j]OCULUMolhoœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchaveclé
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → ngn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMestrelaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfestafête
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]simplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsetesept
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, ndropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMloboloup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lobosloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-téCĪVITĀTEMcidadecité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrazãoraison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirochevalier
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramenteclairement
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlãlaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌoitohuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpãopain
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el francés siguió su propio camino.