Francés para quien habla español

comparten origen

70 %

heredadas en ambas

24 %

para aprender de cero

30 %

2264 palabras comparadas

Palabras que ya conoces

Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en español y en francés vienen del mismo origen.

• yo→je
• él→il
• si→si
• no→non
• o→ou
• nosotros→nous
• y→et
• brazo→bras
• gato→chat
• vaca→vache
• oreja→oreille
• huevo→œuf
• ojo→œil
• para→pour
• cómo→comment
• llave→clé
• hombre→homme
• viejo→vieux
• mar→mer
• ella→elle
• cielo→ciel
• hijo→fils
• sol→soleil
• quién→qui

Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas

Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en español en su cognado en francés: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.

• Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open and closed syllables)→ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiedra→pierre
• Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euue (open and closed syllables)→eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnuevo→neuf
• French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)→e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmar→mer
• French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)→u [y]LŪNAMluna→lune
• AU becomes oo→o (spelled o or au)AURUMoro→or
• French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept→nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpan→pain
• Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)h- (silent); f- kept before ue and r→f- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)hijo→fils
• Voiceless stops between vowels softenb d g→v; t, c lostVĪTAMvida→vie
• C before E and Iθ (c, z); s where there is seseo→s (c, ç)CAELUMcielo→ciel
• French CA becomes chaca kept→cha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcaballo→cheval
• Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [x] before a back vowel; y-, h- or nothing before e→j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjuego→jeu
• B and V merge in Spanishone sound: b, v = [b] (soft [β] between vowels)→v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvino→vin
• Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)→g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerra→guerre
• L before a consonant becomes ual → o (otro); ult → uch (mucho); often kept→l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMotro→autre
• CTch [tʃ]→it (i + t)NOCTEMnoche→nuit
• L + yodj [x]→il, ill [j]FOLIAMhoja→feuille
• C'L inside a wordj [x]→il, ill [j]OCULUMojo→œil
• CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordll- (often)→cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMllave→clé
• NN, GN and N + yodñ [ɲ]→gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUMaño→an
• S + consonant at the start of a wordes-→é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMestrella→étoile
• French loses S before a consonant (^)s kept→s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfiesta→fête
• Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or s→simplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsiete→sept
• Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept; -e dropped after a single r, l, n, s, d, z→dropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMlobo→loup
• Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)→-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lobos→loups
• -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dad (-tad in some words after a consonant)→-téCĪVITĀTEMciudad→cité
• -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ción (learned); inherited -zón→-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrazón→raison
• -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ero, -era→-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcaballero→chevalier
• Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente→-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramente→clairement
• Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl kept→l keptFĪLUMhilo→fil
• Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept→n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlana→laine
• Romanian turns velars into labialsch, j, ñ; cu, gu (velar kept or palatalized)→it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌocho→huit
• Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s kept→t, d, s keptDĪCEREdecir→dire
• Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pan, vino)→n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpan→pain

Falsos amigos a vigilar

• large (Francés) significa «wide» · largo (Español) significa «long»

  Same Latin LARGUM 'abundant'. French large is 'wide' (and English large 'big' came from it); Spanish largo is 'long'.

• salir (Español) significa «to go out, leave» · salir (Francés) significa «to make dirty»

  Coincidence. Spanish salir is Latin SALĪRE 'to jump'; French salir comes from sale 'dirty', of Frankish origin (*salo 'murky').

• attendre (Francés) significa «to wait (for)» · atender (Español) significa «to attend to, serve»

  Both from Latin ATTENDERE 'to stretch toward, pay attention'. French went from 'paying attention to' to 'waiting for'; Spanish kept the attention.

• rester (Francés) significa «to stay» · restar (Español) significa «to subtract»

  Both from Latin RESTĀRE 'to stay behind, remain'. Spanish restar went from 'what remains' to 'take away' (lo que resta still means 'what is left').

• quitter (Francés) significa «to leave (a place, a person)» · quitar (Español) significa «to remove, take off»

  Both from Medieval Latin QUIĒTĀRE 'to set free (of a debt)', from QUIĒTUS 'at rest'. French frees itself of a place; Spanish frees something from its place.

• entendre (Francés) significa «to hear» · entender (Español) significa «to understand»

  Both from Latin INTENDERE 'to direct (the mind) toward'. French shifted to hearing, keeping 'understand' only in phrases (laisser entendre, bien entendu); Spanish kept understanding.

• ropa (Español) significa «clothes» · robe (Francés) significa «dress»

  Both from Germanic *rauba 'booty, spoils' — clothes being what was stripped from the defeated (Spanish robar 'to steal' is the same root). Spanish generalized it; French narrowed it to one garment.

• demander (Francés) significa «to ask (for)» · demandar (Español) significa «to sue; to demand»

  Both from Latin DĒMANDĀRE 'to entrust'. French softened it to ordinary asking (as did Italian domandare); Spanish kept the legal claim.

• nombre (Español) significa «name» · nombre (Francés) significa «number»

  Two Latin words that converged: Spanish nombre is NŌMEN 'name', from its oblique stem NŌMINE (m'n → mbr), French nombre is NUMERUM 'number' (m'r → mbr).

• user (Francés) significa «to wear out» · usar (Español) significa «to use»

  Both from spoken Latin *ŪSĀRE, built on ŪSUS 'use'. French narrowed it to using something up (user ses chaussures); user de 'to make use of' survives only in formal French.

• envie (Francés) significa «desire, urge (avoir envie de: to want)» · envidia (Español) significa «envy»

  Both from Latin INVIDIAM 'envy'. French envie still can mean envy, but its everyday use is 'wanting'; j'ai envie de café is 'I feel like a coffee', not jealousy.

• crier (Francés) significa «to shout» · criar (Español) significa «to raise, bring up»

  Coincidence. French crier comes from spoken Latin *CRĪTĀRE (classical QUIRĪTĀRE 'to cry out') — the source of Spanish gritar too; Spanish criar is CREĀRE 'to create, beget'.

Palabras para aprender de cero

Palabras comunes en las que el francés siguió su propio camino.

• endans
• malomauvais
• camalit
• cajaboîte
• chicogarçon
• peromais
• cochevoiture
• papápapa
• díajour
• perrochien
• lejosloin
• gordogros