Portugués para quien habla italiano
Ya sabes más portugués de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1637 tienen un cognado en italiano: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en italiano → portugués y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 72 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 26 %
- para aprender de cero
- 28 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en italiano y en portugués vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en italiano en su cognado en portugués: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpietrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnuovonovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalua
- AU becomes ooou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMoroouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpanepão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)b (v) d gVĪTAMvitavida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielocéu
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallocavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinovinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltrooutro
- CTttit (i + t)NOCTEMnottenoite
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfogliafolha
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]lh [ʎ]OCULUMocchioolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMchiavechave
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUMannoano
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)es-STELLAMstellaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMsettesete
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlupolobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcittàcidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMragionerazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMcavalierecavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilofio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptlost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlanalã
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌottooito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpanepão
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el portugués siguió su propio camino.