Portugués para quien habla francés
Ya sabes más portugués de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1528 tienen un cognado en francés: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en francés → portugués y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 67 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 23 %
- para aprender de cero
- 33 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en francés y en portugués vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en francés en su cognado en portugués: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelua
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)ou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpainpão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d gVĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielcéu
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMautreoutro
- CTit (i + t)it (i + t)NOCTEMnuitnoite
- L + yodil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefolha
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]OCULUMœilolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcléchave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMseptsete
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlouplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcitécidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraisonrazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowellost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlainelã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌhuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpainpão
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el portugués siguió su propio camino.