Rumano para quien habla portugués
Ya sabes más rumano de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1278 tienen un cognado en portugués: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en portugués → rumano y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 56 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 11 %
- para aprender de cero
- 44 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en portugués y en rumano vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en portugués en su cognado en rumano: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualună
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMouroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpãopâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gkept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavalocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinhovin
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMoutroalt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnoitenoapte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfolhafoaie
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMolhoochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMchavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrelastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlobolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tateCĪVITĀTEMcidadecetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMrazãorațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcaldeiracăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)r (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfiofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlãlână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌoitoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)ț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdizerzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpãopâine
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el rumano siguió su propio camino.