Rumano para quien habla francés
Ya sabes más rumano de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1329 tienen un cognado en francés: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en francés → rumano y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 59 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 12 %
- para aprender de cero
- 41 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en francés y en rumano vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en francés en su cognado en rumano: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpierrepiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmermare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelună
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpainpâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostkept (p t c)VĪTAMvievită
- C before E and Is (c, ç)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielcer
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMchevalcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMautrealt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnuitnoapte
- L + yodil, ill [j]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfeuillefoaie
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMœilochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclécheie
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)s- (kept)STELLAMétoilestea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptCOSTAMcôtecoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → spt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseptșapte
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlouplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tateCĪVITĀTEMcitécetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraisonrațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMchaudièrecăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlainelână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)pt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌhuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirezice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpainpâine
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el rumano siguió su propio camino.