Rumano para quien habla catalán
Ya sabes más rumano de lo que crees. De las 2264 palabras cotidianas de Cognata, 1312 tienen un cognado en catalán: la misma palabra, remodelada por siglos de habla. Empieza por ellas, aprende los cambios regulares que unen las dos lenguas y no pierdas de vista los falsos amigos.
Fija tu combinación en catalán → rumano y abre los cognados.
- comparten origen
- 58 %
- heredadas en ambas
- 12 %
- para aprender de cero
- 42 %
2264 palabras comparadas
Palabras que ya conoces
Palabras cotidianas cuyas formas en catalán y en rumano vienen del mismo origen.
Las leyes fonéticas entre ellas
Cambios regulares que convierten una palabra en catalán en su cognado en rumano: aprende uno y rinde en cientos de palabras.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMllunalună
- AU becomes ooau (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpapâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)tʃ (c)CAELUMcelcer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavallcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvivin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)l kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMaltrealt
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)ptNOCTEMnitnoapte
- L + yodll [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfullafoaie
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMullochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclaucheie
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManyan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrellastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMsetșapte
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clusters-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlloplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-tateCĪVITĀTEMciutatcetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraórațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcalderacăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMllanalână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌvuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpapâine
Falsos amigos a vigilar
Aún no hay trampas clásicas entre estas dos en Cognata, pero cada página de palabra señala las que conoce.
Palabras para aprender de cero
Palabras comunes en las que el rumano siguió su propio camino.