Le catalan pour qui parle italien
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 699 ont un équivalent apparenté en italien : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 75 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 29 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 25 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en italien et en catalan viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en italien en son équivalent en catalan : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpietrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnuovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalluna
- AU becomes oooAURUMoroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptoral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpanepa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)b (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvitavida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcielocel
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallocavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinovi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)l kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMaltroaltre
- CTttit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnottenit
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfogliafulla
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]ll [ʎ]OCULUMocchioull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchiaveclau
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUMannoany
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)es-STELLAMstellaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMsetteset
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e keptdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlupollop
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupillops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-tatCĪVITĀTEMcittàciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMragioneraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMcavalierecavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlanallana
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌottovuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpanepa
Les faux amis à surveiller
mare (Catalan) signifie « mother » · mare (Italien) signifie « sea »
Coincidence. Catalan mare is MĀTREM worn down (as pare is PATREM); Italian mare is Latin MARE 'sea'. Romanian mare is 'sea' too — and also 'big'.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le catalan a suivi son propre chemin.