Le catalan pour qui parle français
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 618 ont un équivalent apparenté en français : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 71 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 27 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 29 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en français et en catalan viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en français en son équivalent en catalan : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelluna
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)oAURUMoror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentoral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpainpa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcielcel
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMautrealtre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnuitnit
- L + yodil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefulla
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]ll [ʎ]OCULUMœilull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcléclau
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseptset
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -edropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMloupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupsllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tatCĪVITĀTEMcitéciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMraisonraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlainellana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌhuitvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpainpa
Les faux amis à surveiller
voler (Catalan) signifie « to want » · voler (Français) signifie « to fly; to steal »
Coincidence. Catalan voler is spoken Latin *VOLĒRE (for VELLE 'to want'), the source of French vouloir; French voler is VOLĀRE 'to fly', and 'to steal' came from the falconer's bird flying off with its prey.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le catalan a suivi son propre chemin.