Le catalan pour qui parle roumain
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 312 ont un équivalent apparenté en roumain : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur roumain → catalan et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 58 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 12 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 42 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en roumain et en catalan viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en roumain en son équivalent en catalan : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălluna
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedoAURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpâinepa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcercel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)merged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMaltaltre
- CTptit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoaptenit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefulla
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMochiull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclau
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMșapteset
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupillops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-tatCĪVITĀTEMcetateciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-er, -eraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldera
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlânăllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoptvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpâinepa
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le catalan a suivi son propre chemin.