Le catalan pour qui parle portugais
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 626 ont un équivalent apparenté en portugais : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur portugais → catalan et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 72 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 25 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 28 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en portugais et en catalan viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en portugais en son équivalent en catalan : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpedrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualluna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMouroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpãopa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvidavida
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelss (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcéucel
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinhovi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMoutroaltre
- CTit (i + t)it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoitenit
- L + yodlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfolhafulla
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMolhoull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchaveclau
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManoany
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-es-STELLAMestrelaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMseteset
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, ndropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlobollop
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lobosllops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tatCĪVITĀTEMcidadeciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrazãoraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramenteclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlãllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoitovuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpãopa
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le catalan a suivi son propre chemin.