Le français pour qui parle catalan
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 618 ont un équivalent apparenté en catalan : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 71 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 27 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 29 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en catalan et en français viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en catalan en son équivalent en français : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmarmer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMllunalune
- AU becomes ooo (spelled o or au)AURUMoror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpapain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvidavie
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)s (c, ç)CAELUMcelciel
- French CA becomes chaca keptcha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcavallcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvivin
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerre
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltreautre
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)it (i + t)NOCTEMnitnuit
- L + yodll [ʎ]il, ill [j]FOLIAMfullafeuille
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]il, ill [j]OCULUMullœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMclauclé
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManyan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMestrellaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfestafête
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]simplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsetsept
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMlloploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopsloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-téCĪVITĀTEMciutatcité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMraóraison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcavallerchevalier
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentclairement
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMllanalaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌvuithuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdirdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpapain
Les faux amis à surveiller
voler (Catalan) signifie « to want » · voler (Français) signifie « to fly; to steal »
Coincidence. Catalan voler is spoken Latin *VOLĒRE (for VELLE 'to want'), the source of French vouloir; French voler is VOLĀRE 'to fly', and 'to steal' came from the falconer's bird flying off with its prey.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le français a suivi son propre chemin.