Le français pour qui parle roumain
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 329 ont un équivalent apparenté en roumain : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur roumain → français et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 59 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 12 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 41 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en roumain et en français viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en roumain en son équivalent en français : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiatrăpierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunălune
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedo (spelled o or au)AURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpâinepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvităvie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcerciel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)cha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcalcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltautre
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenuit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)il, ill [j]FOLIAMfoaiefeuille
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]il, ill [j]OCULUMochiœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclé
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMsteaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)COSTAMcoastăcôte
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMșaptesept
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMluploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-téCĪVITĀTEMcetatecité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-ier, -ièreCALDĀRIAMcăldarechaudière
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlânălaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌopthuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpâinepain
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le français a suivi son propre chemin.