L’italien pour qui parle portugais
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 637 ont un équivalent apparenté en portugais : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur portugais → italien et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 72 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 26 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 28 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en portugais et en italien viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en portugais en son équivalent en italien : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnovonuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualuna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMourooro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n keptPĀNEMpãopane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gmostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavita
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucielo
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjogogioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinhovino
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- [gw]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMoutroaltro
- CTit (i + t)ttNOCTEMnoitenotte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfolhafoglia
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]cchi [kkj]OCULUMolhoocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]chi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMchavechiave
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUManoanno
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMestrelastella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]assimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMsetesette
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMlobolupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tàCĪVITĀTEMcidadecittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMrazãoragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaliere
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentechiaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n keptLĀNAMlãlana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gutt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌoitootto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpãopane
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels l’italien a suivi son propre chemin.