L’italien pour qui parle roumain
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 360 ont un équivalent apparenté en roumain : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 60 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 14 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 40 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en roumain et en italien viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en roumain en son équivalent en italien : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiatrăpietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnounuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunăluna
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedoAURUMauroro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)vowel + n keptPĀNEMpâinepane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)mostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvităvita
- C before E and Itʃ (c)tʃ (c)CAELUMcercielo
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjocgioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvino
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMaltaltro
- CTptttNOCTEMnoaptenotte
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefoglia
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]cchi [kkj]OCULUMochiocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptchi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMcheiechiave
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)nn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUMananno
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMsteastella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMșaptesette
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonant-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMluplupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-tàCĪVITĀTEMcetatecittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)ragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldaia
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n keptLĀNAMlânălana
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)tt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌoptotto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpâinepane
Les faux amis à surveiller
lume (Roumain) signifie « world; people » · lume (Italien) signifie « lamp, light »
Both from Latin LŪMEN 'light'. Romanian shifted it to 'world' after Slavic světъ, which meant both; toată lumea is 'everybody'. Italian kept the light.
frate (Roumain) signifie « brother » · frate (Italien) signifie « friar, monk »
Both from Latin FRĀTREM 'brother'. Romanian kept it for family; Italian left the plain form to the Church and uses the diminutive fratello for a sibling. Romanian soră 'sister' and Italian suora 'nun' split the same way.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels l’italien a suivi son propre chemin.