Le portugais pour qui parle catalan
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 626 ont un équivalent apparenté en catalan : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur catalan → portugais et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 72 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 25 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 28 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en catalan et en portugais viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en catalan en son équivalent en portugais : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpedrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMllunalua
- AU becomes ooou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)nasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpapão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)b (v) d gVĪTAMvidavida
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcelcéu
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjogo
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvivinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltreoutro
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)it (i + t)NOCTEMnitnoite
- L + yodll [ʎ]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfullafolha
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]lh [ʎ]OCULUMullolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMclauchave
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManyano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-es-STELLAMestrellaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMsetsete
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clusters-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlloplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMciutatcidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraórazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMcavallercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)lost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMllanalã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌvuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdirdizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpapão
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le portugais a suivi son propre chemin.