Le portugais pour qui parle roumain
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 278 ont un équivalent apparenté en roumain : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur roumain → portugais et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 56 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 11 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 44 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en roumain et en portugais viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en roumain en son équivalent en portugais : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălua
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMaurouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpâinepão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d gVĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcercéu
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltoutro
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenoite
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefolha
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]lh [ʎ]OCULUMochiolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcheiechave
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMșaptesete
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonant-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMluplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcetatecidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)razão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-eiro, -eiraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldeira
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)lost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfirfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)lost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlânălã
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌoptoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]kept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREzicedizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpâinepão
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le portugais a suivi son propre chemin.