Le portugais pour qui parle italien
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 637 ont un équivalent apparenté en italien : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur italien → portugais et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 72 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 26 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 28 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en italien et en portugais viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en italien en son équivalent en portugais : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpietrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnuovonovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalua
- AU becomes ooou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMoroouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpanepão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)b (v) d gVĪTAMvitavida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielocéu
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallocavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinovinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltrooutro
- CTttit (i + t)NOCTEMnottenoite
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfogliafolha
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]lh [ʎ]OCULUMocchioolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMchiavechave
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUMannoano
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)es-STELLAMstellaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMsettesete
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlupolobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcittàcidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMragionerazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMcavalierecavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilofio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptlost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlanalã
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌottooito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpanepão
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le portugais a suivi son propre chemin.