Le portugais pour qui parle français
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 528 ont un équivalent apparenté en français : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur français → portugais et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 67 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 23 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 33 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en français et en portugais viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en français en son équivalent en portugais : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelua
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)ou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpainpão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d gVĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielcéu
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMautreoutro
- CTit (i + t)it (i + t)NOCTEMnuitnoite
- L + yodil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefolha
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]OCULUMœilolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcléchave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMseptsete
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlouplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcitécidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraisonrazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowellost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlainelã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌhuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpainpão
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le portugais a suivi son propre chemin.