Le roumain pour qui parle italien
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 360 ont un équivalent apparenté en italien : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 60 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 14 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 40 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en italien et en roumain viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en italien en son équivalent en roumain : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpietrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnuovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmaremare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalună
- AU becomes ooau (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpanepâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)kept (p t c)VĪTAMvitavită
- C before E and Itʃ (c)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielocer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavallocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMgiocojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinovin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)l kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMaltroalt
- CTttptNOCTEMnottenoapte
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfogliafoaie
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMocchioochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMchiavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUMannoan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)s- (kept)STELLAMstellastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnpt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMsetteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlupolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-tateCĪVITĀTEMcittàcetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMragionerațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcaldaiacăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlanalână
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)pt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌottoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirezice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpanepâine
Les faux amis à surveiller
lume (Roumain) signifie « world; people » · lume (Italien) signifie « lamp, light »
Both from Latin LŪMEN 'light'. Romanian shifted it to 'world' after Slavic světъ, which meant both; toată lumea is 'everybody'. Italian kept the light.
frate (Roumain) signifie « brother » · frate (Italien) signifie « friar, monk »
Both from Latin FRĀTREM 'brother'. Romanian kept it for family; Italian left the plain form to the Church and uses the diminutive fratello for a sibling. Romanian soră 'sister' and Italian suora 'nun' split the same way.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le roumain a suivi son propre chemin.