Le roumain pour qui parle portugais
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 278 ont un équivalent apparenté en portugais : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur portugais → roumain et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 56 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 11 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 44 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en portugais et en roumain viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en portugais en son équivalent en roumain : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualună
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMouroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpãopâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gkept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavalocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjogojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinhovin
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMoutroalt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnoitenoapte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfolhafoaie
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMolhoochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMchavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrelastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlobolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tateCĪVITĀTEMcidadecetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMrazãorațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcaldeiracăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)r (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfiofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlãlână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌoitoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)ț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdizerzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpãopâine
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le roumain a suivi son propre chemin.