Le roumain pour qui parle français
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 329 ont un équivalent apparenté en français : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
Règle votre combinaison sur français → roumain et ouvre les mots apparentés.
- ont une même source
- 59 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 12 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 41 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en français et en roumain viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en français en son équivalent en roumain : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpierrepiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmermare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelună
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpainpâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostkept (p t c)VĪTAMvievită
- C before E and Is (c, ç)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielcer
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMchevalcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMautrealt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnuitnoapte
- L + yodil, ill [j]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfeuillefoaie
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMœilochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclécheie
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)s- (kept)STELLAMétoilestea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptCOSTAMcôtecoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → spt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseptșapte
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlouplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tateCĪVITĀTEMcitécetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraisonrațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMchaudièrecăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlainelână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)pt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌhuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirezice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpainpâine
Les faux amis à surveiller
Pas encore de piège classique entre ces deux langues dans Cognata, mais chaque page de mot signale ceux qu’elle connaît.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le roumain a suivi son propre chemin.