Le roumain pour qui parle espagnol
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 316 ont un équivalent apparenté en espagnol : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 58 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 12 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 42 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en espagnol et en roumain viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en espagnol en son équivalent en roumain : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open and closed syllables)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpiedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euue (open and closed syllables)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnuevonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalună
- AU becomes ooau (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoroaur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpanpâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)h- (silent); f- kept before ue and rf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)hijofiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb d gkept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Iθ (c, z); s where there is seseotʃ (c)CAELUMcielocer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcaballocal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [x] before a back vowel; y-, h- or nothing before ej [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjuegojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishone sound: b, v = [b] (soft [β] between vowels)v kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinovin
- L before a consonant becomes ual → o (otro); ult → uch (mucho); often keptl kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMotroalt
- CTch [tʃ]ptNOCTEMnochenoapte
- L + yodj [x]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMhojafoaie
- C'L inside a wordj [x]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMojoochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordll- (often)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMllavecheie
- NN, GN and N + yodñ [ɲ]NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUMañoan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrellastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or spt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMsieteșapte
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept; -e dropped after a single r, l, n, s, d, z-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlobolup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dad (-tad in some words after a consonant)-tateCĪVITĀTEMciudadcetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ción (learned); inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMrazónrațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ero, -era-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcalderacăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMhilofir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlanalână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsch, j, ñ; cu, gu (velar kept or palatalized)pt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌochoopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdecirzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pan, vino)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpanpâine
Les faux amis à surveiller
masă (Roumain) signifie « table; meal » · masa (Espagnol) signifie « dough; mass »
Coincidence. Romanian masă 'table' is inherited from MĒNSAM, the source of Spanish mesa; Spanish masa is MASSAM 'lump'. Romanian has a second masă 'mass' (physics), borrowed from French masse.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels le roumain a suivi son propre chemin.