L’espagnol pour qui parle roumain
Vous en savez déjà plus que vous ne le pensez. Sur les 2 264 mots courants de Cognata, 1 316 ont un équivalent apparenté en roumain : le même mot, remodelé par des siècles de parole. Partez de ceux-là, apprenez les changements réguliers qui relient les deux langues et gardez les faux amis à l’œil.
- ont une même source
- 58 %
- hérités des deux côtés
- 12 %
- à apprendre tels quels
- 42 %
2 264 mots comparés
Les mots que vous connaissez déjà
Des mots courants dont les formes en roumain et en espagnol viennent de la même source.
Les lois phonétiques entre les deux
Des changements réguliers qui transforment un mot en roumain en son équivalent en espagnol : apprenez-en un, il sert pour des centaines de mots.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie (open and closed syllables)PETRAMpiatrăpiedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)ue (open and closed syllables)NOVUMnounuevo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunăluna
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedoAURUMauroro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)vowel + n keptPĀNEMpâinepan
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- kepth- (silent); f- kept before ue and rFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiuhijo
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b d gVĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)θ (c, z); s where there is seseoCAELUMcercielo
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcaballo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j [x] before a back vowel; y-, h- or nothing before eIOCUMjocjuego
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)one sound: b, v = [b] (soft [β] between vowels)VĪNUMvinvino
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)al → o (otro); ult → uch (mucho); often keptALTERUMaltotro
- CTptch [tʃ]NOCTEMnoaptenoche
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)j [x]FOLIAMfoaiehoja
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]j [x]OCULUMochiojo
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptll- (often)CLĀVEMcheiellave
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ñ [ɲ]ANNUManaño
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or sSEPTEMșaptesiete
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonant-o, -a, -e kept; -e dropped after a single r, l, n, s, d, zLUPUMluplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-dad (-tad in some words after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcetateciudad
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ción (learned); inherited -zónRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)razón
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-ero, -eraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldera
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirhilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n keptLĀNAMlânălana
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)ch, j, ñ; cu, gu (velar kept or palatalized)OCTŌoptocho
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedecir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n kept (pan, vino)PĀNEMpâinepan
Les faux amis à surveiller
masă (Roumain) signifie « table; meal » · masa (Espagnol) signifie « dough; mass »
Coincidence. Romanian masă 'table' is inherited from MĒNSAM, the source of Spanish mesa; Spanish masa is MASSAM 'lump'. Romanian has a second masă 'mass' (physics), borrowed from French masse.
Les mots à apprendre tels quels
Des mots courants pour lesquels l’espagnol a suivi son propre chemin.